Origin of name "Indonesia"

IN ancient times, the islands of our country called by various names. In the records of the Chinese nation archipelago area we called Nan-hai (South Sea Islands). Various records of ancient India Dwipantara named islands (Overseas Land Islands), a name derived from the Sanskrit word Dwipa (island) and between (outside, opposite). Valmiki Ramayana famous poet recounts the search for Sita, Ravana kidnapped Rama's wife, to the Suwarnadwipa (Golden Island, which is now Sumatra) are located on the islands Dwipantara.

The Arabs call our homeland Jaza'ir al-Jawi (Javanese islands). Latin name for frankincense is benzoe, derived from the Arabic luban Jawi (frankincense of Java), because the Arab traders from obtaining frankincense sumatrana Styrax trees that used to only grow in Sumatra. To this day we are still pilgrims often called "Java" by the Arabs. Even though Indonesia outside Java. "Samathrah, Sholibis, Sundah, kulluh Jawi (Sumatra, Sulawesi, Sundanese, Javanese everything)" said a trader in Zinc Market, Mecca.
Then came the time of arrival of the Europeans to Asia. The Europeans who first came it was assumed that Asia is only composed of Arab, Persian, Indian, and Chinese. For them, the area stretching between Persia and China everything is "Indian". South Asian peninsula they call "Indian face" and mainland Southeast Asia called "Rear Indies". While our country acquired the name "Indian Archipelago" (Indische Archipel, Indian Archipelago, l'Archipel Indien) or "East Indies" (Oost Indie, East Indies, Indes Orientales). Another name used is "Malay Archipelago" (Maleische Archipel, Malay Archipelago, l'Archipel Malais).
When our country colonized by the Dutch, the official name used is Nederlandsch-Indie (Dutch Indies), while the government of the Japanese occupation from 1942 to 1945 using the term To-Indo (East Indies). Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820-1887), known by the pseudonym Multatuli, once thought to mention the names of specific islands of our country, namely Insulinde, which means also "Indian Archipelago" (Latin insula, meaning island). But apparently Insulinde name is less popular. For people Bandung, Insulinde may just be known as the name of the bookstore that ever existed on the Road Otista.
In the 1920's, Ernest Francois Eugene Douwes Dekker (1879-1950), which we know as Dr.. Setiabudi (he is the grandson of the brother Multatuli), popularized the name for our country that do not involve the word "India". The name was no other is the archipelago, a term that has been submerged for centuries. Setiabudi took it's name from Pararaton, Majapahit era manuscripts found in Bali at the end of the 19th century and translated by JLA Brandes and published by Johannes Nicholaas Krom in 1920.
However, it should be noted that the proposed definition archipelago Setiabudi much different sense, the archipelago of the Majapahit era. At the time of Majapahit used to refer to the archipelago islands outside Java (in Sanskrit means the outside, opposite) as opposed Yavadvipa (Java). We would never hear the Palapa Oath of Gajah Mada, "Seagrass huwus lost archipelago, iSun amukti palapa" (If you've lost islands across, then I enjoyed the break). By Dr. Setiabudi archipelago word that connotes the Majapahit era of ignorance is given a nationalistic sense. By taking the original Malay words, the archipelago now has a new meaning of "homeland between two continents and two oceans", so Java was included in the definition of a modern archipelago. The term archipelago of Setiabudi is quickly becoming popular as an alternative use of the name of the Dutch East Indies.
The name Indonesia
In 1847 in Singapore published an annual scholarly journal, the Journal of the Indian Archipelago and Eastern Asia (JIAEA), which is managed by James Richardson Logan (1819-1869), a Scot who earned a law degree from the University of Edinburgh. Then in 1849 an ethnologist of the British, George Samuel Windsor Earl (1813-1865),In Volume IV JIAEA 1850, pages 66-74, Earl wrote an article On the Leading Characteristics of the Papuan, Australian and Malay-Polynesian Nations. Earl in the article confirms that it is time for the people of Indian or Malay Archipelago Islands to have a unique name (a distinctive name), it is not appropriate for Indian name and is often confused with another mention of India. Earl filed two options name: Indunesia or Malayunesia (nesos in Greek means island). On page 71 article was written: ... the inhabitants of the Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago would Indunesians or Malayunesians Become respectively.
Earl has said choosing the name Malayunesia (Malay Archipelago) than Indunesia (Indian archipelago), because Malayunesia very appropriate for the Malay race, while Indunesia can also be used to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and the Maldives (Maldives). Anyway, Earl said, was not used throughout the Malay archipelago? In writing that Earl does not use the term and use the term Malayunesia Indunesia.
In Volume IV JIAEA also, pages 252-347, James Richardson Logan write an article The Ethnology of the Indian Archipelago. In early writings, Logan also expressed the need for unique name for the islands of our country, because the term "Indian Archipelago" is too long and confusing. Logan picked up the name Indunesia the Earl dumped and replaced with the letter u letter o that his words better. Thus was born the term Indonesia.
For the first time the word Indonesia appears in the world with 254 pages printed on the paper Logan: Mr. Earl suggests the Ethnographical Indunesian term, but rejects it in favor of Malayunesian. I prefer the purely geographical term Indonesia, roomates is merely a shorter Synonym for the Indian Islands or the Indian Archipelago. When proposing the name "Indonesia" Logan does not seem to realize that in the future the name will be the name of the nation and the state ranks fourth largest population on earth!
Since then Logan has consistently used the name "Indonesia" in scientific writings, and the use of the term is gradually spreading among scientists fields of ethnology and geography. In 1884 a professor of ethnology at the University of Berlin named Adolf Bastian (1826-1905) published a book Rodel oder die Inseln Archipel des Malayischen five volumes, containing the results of his research when it wandered into our country in 1864 until 1880. Bastian is a book that popularized the term "Indonesia" among Dutch scholars, so that could arise contention that the term "Indonesia" was created by Bastian. Opinions that are not true, are included in the Encyclopedie van Nederlandsch-Indie 1918. And Bastian took the term "Indonesia" is from the writings of Logan.
Son of the motherland who first used the term "Indonesia" is Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara). When disposed of in the Netherlands in 1913 he established a press bureau as Indonesische Pers-bureau.
Political Meaning
In the decade of the 1920s, the name "Indonesia" which is the scientific term in ethnology and geography were taken over by the leaders of the independence movement of our country, thus the name "Indonesia" finally has a political meaning, ie the identity of a nation fighting for freedom!
In 1922 at the initiative of Mohammad Hatta, a student Handels Hoogeschool (School of Economics) in Rotterdam, students and student organizations in the Netherlands East Indies (which was formed in 1908 with the name Indische Vereeniging) changed its name to Indonesische Vereeniging or Perhimpoenan Indonesia. Their magazine, Indian Poetra, renamed the Independence of Indonesia.
Bung Hatta asserts in his essay, "The State of Free Indonesia to come (de Vrije Indonesische toekomstige staat) impossible is called" East Indies. "Also not" Indian "thing, because it may cause confusion with the original India. For us the name of Indonesia declared a goal politics (een Politiek doel), because they represent and aspire to a homeland in the future, and to realize each person Indonesia (Indonesians) will strive with all the power and ability. "
Meanwhile, Dr homeland. Sutomo Indonesische Study Club founded in 1924. That same year the United Communist Indies renamed Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). Then in 1925 Islamieten Jong Bond form Nationaal Indonesische scouting Padvinderij (Natipij). That's the three organizations in the country that originally used the name "Indonesia". Finally the name "Indonesia" was crowned as the name of the country, the nation and our language on the density-Pemoedi Pemoeda Indonesia on October 28, 1928, which we now call the Youth Pledge.
In August 1939 three members of the Volksraad (People's Council; DPR Dutch period), Muhammad Husni Thamrin, Wiwoho Purbohadidjojo and Sutardjo Kartohadikusumo, filed a motion to the Government of the Netherlands to the name "Indonesia" was unveiled as the replacement name "Nederlandsch-Indie". But Dutch stubbornness that this motion was rejected.
So Allah wills were valid. With the fall of our country into the hands of the Japanese on March 8, 1942, gone are the name "Dutch East Indies" for ever. Then on August 17, 1945, for the grace of Almighty God, born of the Republic of Indonesia.